– Chim yến có thị lực tốt. Chúng thích làm tổ ở những nơi có cường độ sáng khoảng 2 lux; những nơi này giúp chim yến có thể tránh được kẻ thù như cú mèo, dơi, các loài chim khác.
– Chim yến cũng có thính giác và ngửi mùi tốt
(Vì vậy khi xây dựng nhà yến cần phải tránh mùi lạ trong nhà, các nhà mới xây cần phải khử mùi xi măng, có làm được như vậy thì chim yến mới nhanh chóng vào làm tổ trong nhà nuôi yến. Ngoài ra khi xây dựng nhà yến cần phải chống ồn tốt)
– Chim yến thường làm tổ ở những nơi có chim yến từng làm tổ.
– Chim yến đặc biệt nhạy cảm. Chúng sẽ cảm thấy bất an, không làm tổ ở những ngôi nhà không an toàn cho chúng
(Chúng ta cần phải tạo môi trường an toàn cho chim yến bằng cách tiêu diệt và bảo vệ nhà yến tránh khỏi những loài vật có hại chim yến)
– Chim yến ăn những loài côn trùng nhỏ khi chúng đang bay. Do đó chim yến có tác dụng bảo vệ mùa màng cho nông dân.
– Một đặc điểm để phân biệt chim yến và các loài khác cùng họ với yến như én, đó là chim yến không bao giờ đậu, chúng chỉ treo mình trên các vách đá dựng đứng hoặc những thanh làm tổ.
– Chim yến có thể bay rất nhanh, vận tốc bay tối đa có thể lên tới 130-160 km/h
– Bán kính vòng bay tối thiểu của chim yến 1.5-2 m
– Nhiệt độ thích hợp trong nhà yến: 25-29C. Độ ẩm thích hợp: 70-85%
Để có thể xây dựng được một căn nhà yến thành công, trước tiên chúng ta phải hiểu rõ những đặc tính tự nhiên của chúng.
Môi Trường Thích Hợp Để Xây Dựng nhà Yến
Thức ăn của chim yến là những loại côn trùng bay. Những loại côn trùng này chỉ có mặt trong tự nhiên và chim yến săn bắt chúng từ sáng sớm đến khi trời nhá nhem tối. Vì vậy việc lựa chọn một môi trường tự nhiên thích hợp sẽ tạo điều kiện cho chim yến phát triển bầy đàn và khả năng làm tổ của chim yến.
Như vậy môi trường xung quanh nhà yến (bán kích khoảng 25 km) cần phải đảm bảo đủ lượng thức ăn cho chim yến quanh năm. Một môi trường lý tưởng cho chim yến bao gồm
– 50% cây thấp như đồng lúa, bụi cây, đồng cỏ …
– 30% cây thấp
– 20% khu vực có nước như ao, hồ, sông, suối, biển
Hiện nay các tỉnh thành sau ở Việt Nam có thể phát triển nghề nuôi chim yến:
– Các tỉnh Tây Nguyên như: Daklak, Gia Lai, KonTum, DakNong, Một số vùng Lâm Đồng,
– Các tỉnh miền Nam Trung Bộ: Đà Nẵng, Quảng Nam, Quảng Ngãi, Bình Định, Phú Yên, Khánh Hòa, Ninh Thuận, Bình Thuận
– Các tỉnh miền Đông Nam Bộ: Bà Rịa – Vũng Tàu, Bình Dương, Bình Phước, Đồng Nai, Hồ Chí Minh, Tây Ninh ….
– Các tỉnh miền Tây Nam Bộ: An Giang , Bạc Liêu, Bến Tre , Cà Mau, Cần Thơ , Đồng Tháp , Hậu Giang , Kiên Giang, Long An , Sóc Trăng , Tiền Giang, Trà Vinh , Vĩnh Long…
Chim yến bắt đầu đi kiếm bạn đời và sinh sản khi được khoảng 8 tháng tuổi. Chu kỳ sinh sản bao gồm các quá trình sau:
– 30-32 ngày làm tổ
– 8-11 ngày tiếp theo đẻ trứng đầu tiên, 1-3 ngày tiếp theo đẻ trứng thứ 2
– 22-28 tiếp theo ngày ấp trứng
– 47-51 tiếp theo ngày chim non bắt đầu rời khỏi tổ
– 7 ngày tiếp theo chim bố mẹ nghỉ ngơi để tiếp tục một chu kỳ sinh sản mới
Như vậy tổng cộng một chu kỳ sinh sản của chim là 115-132 ngày (khoảng 4 tháng). Như vậy một năm chim có thể sinh sản khoảng 3 lần (số lần sinh sản tùy thuộc vào điều kiện tự nhiên, khí hậu, nguồn thức ăn …). Chúng ta cần phải hiểu rõ chu kỳ sinh sản của chim yến để có quy trình khai thác tổ chim một cách hợp lý.
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